The most complex engineering of human cell lines ever has been achieved by scientists, revealing that our genomes are more ...

Induces potent and long-lasting immune responses to defined antigens or whole pathogens (particles), mainly through the ...

The process is followed by computationally guided mutagenesis or evolution of the antibody sequence (hit to lead, or H2L, optimisation) to improve the binding and other properties. Although the ...

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript. Monoclonal antibodies are novel therapeutic agents used with great success in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).