The most complex engineering of human cell lines ever has been achieved by scientists, revealing that our genomes are more ...

Antibodies are a major component of adaptive immunity against ... of which the D-segment is short and hypervariable to a point that germline sequences do not provide a functional template for sequence ...

This important study reveals a role for IκBα in the regulation of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. The solid data in mouse embryonic stem cells include separation of function mutations in IκBα to ...

These patterns are the basis of a primitive immune system that bacteria use to ‘remember’ the DNA of viral invaders by incorporating the DNA sequence of the virus ... for stringent regulations on ...

Background: Although immunoglobulin (Ig) alleles play a pivotal role in the antibody response to pathogens, research to understand their role in the humoral immune response is still limited. Methods: ...

1Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. 2Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. 3Clinical and ...

Antibodies that bind to a previously untargeted portion of the malaria parasite could lead to new monoclonal antibody treatments and vaccines for malaria. A novel class of antibodies that binds to ...

Antibodies with similar amino acid sequences, especially across their complementary-determining regions, often share properties. Finding that an antibody of interest has a similar sequence to ...

It has been estimated that the human immune system can produce up to 1 quintillion different antibodies by changing the sequence of these amino acids, helping to ensure that the body can respond ...

Antibodies, which are crucial for therapeutic and immune functions, owe their specificity to the hypervariable regions within them. These regions display remarkable sequence variability ...

Bispecific antibodies (bispecifics) can simultaneously target two distinct antigens or epitopes, offering novel therapeutic strategies such as enhancing immune cell targeting of cancer cells or ...