At the top, we see two types of ALE: (left) isotropic etching, which removes material evenly in all directions, and (right) anisotropic etching, which removes material in a specific direction. The ...

Isotropic etching is useful for creating curved or sloped nanostructures, such as nanolenses or tapered nanowires. Anisotropic wet etching exhibits directional dependence, with faster etching in ...

Isotropic vs. anisotropic etching. Most wet etching methods are isotropic to some degree, which can lead to problems like undercutting. With the notable exception of scratching out traces with an ...

Oil contamination from various human activities (such as oil spills from production, transportation, shipping, and storage) ...